Basal Cell Carcinoma

Understanding Skin Cancer: Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for the majority of skin cancer cases. Originating in the basal cells, which are found in the deepest layer of the epidermis, BCC is generally considered slow-growing and non-aggressive. However, if not treated early, it can still cause significant local tissue damage.

Basal cell carcinomas often manifest on the skin as growths or lesions, which may appear as red patches, pink growths, open sores, or shiny bumps. These carcinomas are predominantly caused by overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays. While BCCs are rarely life-threatening when treated properly, early detection and treatment are crucial.

Each year, nearly three million people are diagnosed with BCC. It is most common in individuals exposed to excessive UV rays, particularly those over 40 years old. However, the average age of diagnosis is declining. People with fair skin, blond or red hair, and blue, green, or grey eyes are more susceptible. Men are also at a higher risk of developing BCC. Protecting your skin from UV exposure is vital in reducing the risk of developing this type of skin cancer.

Preventing basal cell carcinoma (BCC)  involves adopting sun-safe habits to shield your skin from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. These habits include:

• Sunscreen is Your Shield: Regularly apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 on all exposed skin, even on cloudy days. Reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating.
• Cover Up: Wear protective clothing such as long-sleeved shirts, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses to minimize direct sun exposure.
• Avoid Peak Sun Hours: Limit outdoor activities during the sun's strongest hours, usually from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. If possible, seek shade under trees or use an umbrella.
• Protective Gear for Outdoor Activities: If you're engaging in outdoor sports or activities, consider using sun-protective clothing and gear to create an extra barrier against UV rays.
• Regular Skin Checks: It's essential to schedule annual skin checks with your dermatologist. Early detection is critical to effective treatment plans.

By incorporating these practices into your routine, you can significantly reduce the risk of developing Basal Cell Carcinoma and maintain healthy skin.

If Basal Cell Carcinoma is suspected, a biopsy is typically performed by a dermatologist to confirm the diagnosis. Once confirmed, several treatment options are available:

• Mohs Micrographic Surgery: This specialized surgery is commonly used for skin cancers like Basal Cell Carcinoma, particularly in sensitive areas. Mohs surgery excels in preserving healthy tissue, boasting a high cure rate of around 98% for primary, non-recurrent cases.
• Excisional Surgery: In this procedure, a small margin of surrounding healthy tissue is removed to prevent the cancer from spreading.
• Electrodesiccation and Curettage: After numbing the area, the growth is scraped off and cauterized (burned) to eliminate remaining tumor cells and control bleeding. This method is not ideal for advanced cases or growths in sensitive areas.
• Topical Therapeutic Options: Certain creams or ointments can be considered for specific lesions. Your dermatologist will discuss these options based on the characteristics of the Basal Cell Carcinoma.

Each treatment approach aims to effectively remove or destroy cancerous cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissue. The choice of method depends on factors such as the tumor's location, size, and overall health considerations. Your dermatologist will guide you through the options, helping choose the most suitable treatment for your individual case. Regular follow-ups and ongoing skin checks are essential to monitor for any signs of recurrence or new skin abnormalities.